Start with the state view and mapped project locations, then move into permits, planning, civic context, operators and source evidence. Only locations supported by explicit coordinates are plotted.
Only records with explicit published coordinates are plotted here. Missing coordinates remain visible in the evidence sections rather than being guessed.
12 source-backed evidence rows are integrated on this page.
Loudoun Co.
Developer / operator: Yondr (air site name)
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74265-3
Record type: Article 6 – minor New Source Review (mNSR) air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: DEQ table gives no address, MW, or generator count; individual permit PDF not fetched.
Culpeper Co.
Developer / operator: DataBank
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74348-1
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Same limitation as above. First-permit ("-1") suffix indicates a new source rather than a modification.
Prince William Co.
Developer / operator: Amazon Data Services, Inc.
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74349-1
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Same limitation as above.
Prince William Co.
Developer / operator: Not disclosed in the DEQ table (air site name only)
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74241-4
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: "-4" suffix indicates a modification of an existing registration, i.e. campus expansion rather than a first permit.
Fairfax Co.
Developer / operator: Herndon Technology Partners LLC
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74332-2
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Same limitation as above.
Caroline Co.
Developer / operator: Clean Arc Data Centers
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74341-1
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: New (-1) registration in a county with little prior data-center footprint; no capacity stated.
Stafford Co.
Developer / operator: Vantage Data Centers
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74338-1
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Same limitation as above.
Hanover Co. (Ashland)
Developer / operator: CLOP (Clarion/CLOP entity per air site name)
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 53197-2
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Parent company behind "CLOP" not confirmed from a fetched source. A same-named entity, CLOP Temple TX LLC, appears in Texas permit feeds.
Spotsylvania Co.
Developer / operator: Amazon Data Services, Inc.
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 74288-2
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Same limitation as above.
Chesterfield Co.
Developer / operator: Chirisa Technology Parks (per air site name "Chirisa Richmond LLC")
Status: Listed as an issued air permit for a data center
Permit / docket: 52432-6
Record type: Article 6 – mNSR air permit
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Same limitation as above.
Stafford Co. — 1318 Richmond Highway
Developer / operator: SI NVA07Campus, LLC (1700 Broadway, Suite 1750, Denver, CO)
Status: "DEQ's tentative decision is to issue the permit"; public comment period open
Permit / docket: VWPP Permit Application No. 25-2511
Record type: Virginia Water Protection Permit (wetlands/stream impacts) — draft permit on public notice
Capacity / size: ~537-acre project site; 21 data center buildings; 6 substations; impacts 2.25 acres of wetlands and 4,918 linear feet of stream
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Final permit issuance not confirmed. MW capacity not stated. "SI NVA…" naming matches STACK Infrastructure entities elsewhere on the DEQ data-center permit list, but that link was not confirmed from a fetched source.
Prince William Co. — west of Prince William Pkwy, south of Wellington Rd, east of Hornbaker Rd (GPIN 7596-81-5396), Brentsville District
Developer / operator: Applicant not named in the fetched agenda
Status: "Deferred" to the November 5, 2025 agenda from October 29, 2025; public hearing closed
Permit / docket: REZ2025-00014 (concurrent SUP2025-00016)
Record type: Rezoning + Special Use Permit
Capacity / size: ~40.02 acres; max FAR 0.5; data center buildings up to 80 ft, non-data center up to 75 ft
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: A secondary account (citizenportal.ai) reports the Board of County Supervisors approved the rezoning 4–3 on March 3, 2026; that final action was NOT confirmed from a county record in this session, so only the deferral status is treated as primary.
25 source-backed evidence rows are integrated on this page.
statewide
Virginia operates the state equivalent of the withdrawn federal tool: **Virginia EJScreen+** (launched 2022, rebuilt 2025 on ArcGIS Experience Builder), implementing the Virginia Environmental Justice Act (§2.2-234, §2.2-235). It defines an EJ community as any low-income community or community of color, with "low-income community" = any census **block group where ≥30% of the population is low income**, where low income = household income at or below the greater of HUD 80% AMI or 200% FPL, using ACS 2019-2023 5-year estimates. DEQ states the platform informs permit review but "does not determine whether environmental justice impacts exist."
Key data: Threshold: ≥30% of block-group population low-income; 80% AMI or 200% FPL (whichever greater)
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Tool is interactive (ArcGIS Experience Builder); no tract/block-group percentile could be extracted for Yondr, IAD-264, IAD450, Gainesville Crossing, VA41, Stafford Technology Campus, Hornbaker Rd, CleanArc VA-1, DataBank Culpeper, CLOP Ashland, or Chirisa Richmond in this session, and no DEQ air permit for those sites was found to contain an EJ finding.
Loudoun / South Fulton-style corridor comparison
DISCOVERY_LEAD only: a non-governmental corridor analysis claims Loudoun's "Data Center Alley" sits above four majority-non-white census tracts and that host tracts across the five largest US corridors average 15–40 percentage points more non-white and 20–35% lower median income than surrounding counties, asserting EJScreen had flagged most such tracts as above national-percentile pollution burden. No Virginia-specific percentile is given.
Key data: Host tracts 15–40 pp more non-white; 20–35% lower median income (corridor-average claim)
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Methodology not auditable from the page; no Virginia percentile stated; not an agency source.
Stafford
Stafford County's water service agreement for STACK Infrastructure at the Stafford Technology Campus allocates a maximum of **3,600 gallons per minute ≈ 5 million gallons per day** for data-center cooling. Delivery amounts in these agreements were initially redacted as claimed trade secrets.
Key data: 3,600 gpm ≈ 5 MGD maximum
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Journalist's reading of obtained agreements; the agreement document itself was not fetched.
Spotsylvania
Spotsylvania holds three water-reuse service agreements for data-center cooling: Cosner Tech Campus up to **1,260 gpm ≈ 1.8 MGD**; the Mattameade Amazon complex max **1,980 gpm ≈ 2.8 MGD** once the reuse system is built; Powerhouse 95 max **700,000 gal/d**. An Amazon annotation says maximum draw would be needed only ~4.1% of the year, but the agreements contain no clause limiting use to that share or requiring air-cooling priority; ~60% of cooling water is lost to evaporation.
Key data: Cosner (IAD450): 1,260 gpm ≈ 1.8 MGD; Mattameade: 1,980 gpm ≈ 2.8 MGD; Powerhouse 95: 700,000 gal/d
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Attribution of the Cosner agreement to permit-named "IAD450" rests on the shared "Cosner Tech Campus" name; DEQ's issued-permit list shows IAD450 Cosner Tech Campus permit 74288-2 issued 06/01/2026.
Culpeper
The Town of Culpeper has a water system agreement allocating **2 million gallons per day** to a large data-center complex — roughly all the wastewater produced by the entire town of 20,000 people — and Council directed staff to seek a county conditional-use permit for a municipal reclaimed-water system with a **3.5 MGD pump station** and a **2,000,000-gallon** elevated tank, returning ~35% of cooled effluent to the treatment plant, subject to DEQ modeling/approval.
Key data: 2 MGD allocation; 3.5 MGD pump station; 2.0 million-gallon tank; ~35% return
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Neither source names DataBank as the allocation holder; the campus name is "Culpeper Technology Campus." DataBank's own Culpeper campus (85 acres, up to 3 buildings) may or may not be the beneficiary.
King George (Amazon Data Services, statewide precedent)
An active DEQ groundwater permit proceeding shows the state-level fight: Amazon requested Potomac-aquifer withdrawal for the Birchwood Tech Campus; the draft permit authorizes an average **17,354 gallons per day**, on top of an existing Virginia Water Protection permit for up to **6.6 million gallons per day** from the Rappahannock for the same facility. State Sen. Richard Stuart called issuance "indefensible," citing the Groundwater Management Act of 1992 and a **$100 million** projected cost to shift King George's drinking water to the river; DEQ tentatively recommended approval **before** the release of its groundwater report. Public hearing closed Sept 11.
Key data: Draft permit: 17,354 gal/day avg (Potomac aquifer); existing VWP: 6.6 MGD from Rappahannock; $100M county transition cost
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Birchwood/King George is not one of the anchor projects; included as the governing Virginia precedent for Amazon Data Services water permitting. Amazon also has a trial vs. King George County set for Sept 28.
Caroline
Queue-related but not numeric: the County's official statement says CleanArc completed Dominion's application process and was already "in the queue" as a priority for power **before** Dominion implemented its "batch system," which processes new data-center power requests in batches by submission order. No MW or queue position is stated in the county record; the campus is reported elsewhere at 600–900 MW.
Key data: "In the queue" pre-batch-system; MW n.a. in county record
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No Dominion or PJM queue identifier disclosed.
Prince William
Project-level capacity is tied to specific transmission work: Novak/Dominion work at the Pegasus substation makes **100 MW** available, which the applicant intends to use, and the applicant proffered not to seek new higher-voltage transmission lines beyond what Dominion/Novak complete to Pegasus.
Key data: 100 MW available at Pegasus substation
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Meeting-coverage aggregator; the county's own minutes were not fetched, and the article omits the year of the Feb 27 proffers.
Prince William
Only a developer capacity figure: the Yondr-related Prince William/Loudoun land acquisition was reported with plans for **up to 500 MW**; the 196-acre Gainesville site could hold up to 1 million sq ft. No queue position or study status is published.
Key data: Up to 500 MW planned; 196 acres rezoned
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Trade press; end user not confirmed as Yondr on the page; separate from the approved Gainesville Crossing (REZ2018-00008) campus.
Prince William
Litigation voided a 2,100-acre / 23-million-sq-ft rezoning: after a **29-hour public hearing**, the Board approved rezoning 1,790 acres in December 2023; Circuit Judge Kimberly A. Irving ruled the vote **void** for failure to comply with state and county advertising requirements, finding 10 of 12 Oak Valley HOA plaintiffs (254 homes) had standing. The Court of Appeals upheld the block and QTS later withdrew its appeal, ending the project.
Key data: 2,100 acres / 23M sq ft; 1,790 acres rezoned Dec 2023; vote void; 12 plaintiffs, 10 with standing; 29-hour hearing
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Only the first article was fetched in full; the appellate/withdrawal articles were read as search results. No case number was published.
Prince William
Contested approval: the Planning Commission **denied** the deferred plan at its Nov 5, 2025 meeting (after Sept 24 and Oct 29 deferrals with the hearing closed), and the Board of County Supervisors later approved the rezoning and SUP **4–3** (nays: Stewart, Vega, Chair Jefferson) after dozens of speakers and more than an hour of debate. Opponents (neighbors, environmental advocates, local retailers) cited diesel generators, air, noise, electricity demand, and loss of mixed-use frontage; Elena Schlossberg told the board "Vote no on Hornbaker. Enough is enough."
Key data: Planning Commission denial 2025-11-05; BOCS approval 4–3; ±40.02 acres from A-1/PBD to M-2
CORROBORATEDLimitation: County agenda (primary) confirms case number and acreage/zoning change; the vote tally comes from meeting coverage.
Stafford
Rules tightened, then five projects grandfathered: after adopting stricter standards on Oct 21 (setback from adjacent homes/schools/rivers raised from **100 ft to 750 ft**), supervisors voted **unanimously** on Dec 2, 2025 to grandfather five projects — Stafford Technology Campus, Potomac Church Tech Center, Centreport Gateway/Pemberton, **Vantage VA-4 (Melrod)**, and Cranes Corner — preserving pre-Oct 21 rules. The Planning Commission recommended grandfathering 6-1 (Commissioner Laura Sellers dissenting). Supervisors also unanimously asked Dominion to bury the 70-mile, 500-kV Kraken Loop line.
Key data: Setback 100 ft → 750 ft; 5 projects grandfathered; PC recommendation 6-1
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Names "Vantage VA-4 (Melrod)"; the anchor list's "VA41" is the permitted entity name (Vantage Data Centers VA41 LLC). No litigation found for Stafford projects.
Hanover / Chesterfield
Partial: no opposition record was found tied specifically to CLOP Ashland or Chirisa Richmond, but the surrounding jurisdictions show sustained contestation — Hanover supervisors rejected a 427-acre Mountain Road data center **4–3**, the Hanover Planning Commission voted down a 468-acre proposal and nixed the Hunting Hawk Technology Park; Chesterfield's Board of Zoning Appeals denied an appeal in a contested Old Bermuda Hundred Road case (June 3, 2026) and a senior county official said in August 2026 that Chesterfield will approve no more data centers.
Key data: Hanover Mountain Rd rejected 4–3; Chesterfield "no more data center projects" (Aug 2026)
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Read as search results, not fetched in full; not tied to the two named anchor projects.
statewide
The SCC's Nov 25, 2025 final order in Dominion's biennial review created a dedicated large-load rate class and set residential impacts: approved increases of **$565.7M (2026)** and **$209.9M (2027)** against a $631M request, ROE cut to **9.8%** from a requested 10.4%, and ~**$350 million** of speculative project revenue removed. Typical residential customer at 1,000 kWh/month: **+$11.24/month in 2026** (vs. $14.73 requested) and **+$2.36/month in 2027** (vs. $4.84), on top of a July 2025 fuel-factor increase of $8.95/month. The new **GS-5** class applies to customers with demand **≥25 MW** taking initial service/signing an ESA on or after **Jan 1, 2027**: 14-year contract term, up to 4-year ramp with 20% minimum annual ramp, minimum charges of 85% of contracted demand (distribution and transmission) and 60% (generation). Existing large customers are generally grandfathered.
Key data: GS-5 threshold 25 MW; 14-yr term; 85%/85%/60% minimum charges; residential +$11.24/mo (2026), +$2.36/mo (2027)
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Annotated third-party compilation of the SCC order rather than the SCC's own PDF; docket number and doc-control number are stated and internally consistent, and the new class is independently described by [AAF](https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/virginias-new-data-center-electricity-rate-class/).
Stafford
Direct agricultural conversion: supervisors voted **6-1** in September 2024 to rezone **504 acres** on both sides of Eskimo Hill Road from **agricultural** to allow the county's largest data-center project (23 data centers reported). The DEQ/Corps public notice describes a ~**537-acre** development for a ~4.5 million sq ft campus with **21 data center buildings and 6 substations** under Clean Water Act §404, project no. 26-013F, comment period Jan 26–Feb 20, 2026. No agricultural mitigation requirement is referenced.
Key data: 504 acres rezoned from agricultural, 6-1 vote; 537-acre §404 project 26-013F; 21 buildings + 6 substations
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Virginia has no agricultural-impact mitigation agreement program comparable to Illinois'; none found. The rezoning article was read as a search result. (confidence detail: VERIFIED_PRIMARY (DEQ) + CORROBORATED (vote))
Prince William
The rezoning converts **±40.02 acres from A-1 (Agricultural) and PBD (Planned Business District) to M-2 (Light Industrial)**, per the county's own Planning Commission agenda. Opponents also objected to loss of mixed-use commercial frontage.
Key data: ±40.02 acres, A-1 + PBD → M-2
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No agricultural mitigation condition identified.
Caroline
Not agricultural: the ~650-acre site is the former **Virginia Bazaar** property, zoned M-1 Industrial, where data centers were by-right when the project began; the use was grandfathered when the county made data centers special-exception in M-1 on Dec 10, 2024. The most likely alternative use was a distribution center.
Key data: ~650 acres, former Virginia Bazaar, M-1; grandfathered after 2024-12-10 ordinance change
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: —
multiple
NOT_FOUND for all named projects. The fetched approval records contain no decommissioning/hardware-removal/site-restoration condition: the Hornbaker proffers cover sustainability, PUE target, architecture, and noise limits but not end-of-life; the Caroline CleanArc statement and Stafford grandfathering coverage are silent. Virginia's statutory decommissioning-bond provision (§15.2-2241.2) applies to **solar** equipment, not data centers, though other localities (e.g., Smyth, Henry County's new D-C district) have begun adding data-center decommissioning language.
Key data: §15.2-2241.2 covers solar only; zero data-center decommissioning conditions in fetched project records
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Full proffer statements and zoning ordinance texts for these cases were not obtained; absence is inferred from summaries plus the statutory scope.
Caroline
Fully quantified incentive: the Aug 12, 2025 Economic Development Performance Agreement grants **25% of increased tax revenue** at each building's parcel for **15 years**, accelerated to **40% for 10 years** for the first building if its first data hall qualifies by **Sept 30, 2027**, capped at **10% of CleanArc's total taxable investment** (measured June 30, 2025–June 30, 2040). Against ~**$8.8 billion** capital investment and ≥50 jobs at ≥150% of county average wage, the county projects post-grant annual revenue of ~**$9,144,240** (personal property) and ~**$3,974,587** (real property), and ~**$258,931,565** in total new revenue over 20 years.
Key data: 25%/15 yr grant; 40%/10 yr accelerated; 10% cap; $258,931,565 net new revenue over 20 years
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: County projections; no school-division-specific foregone-revenue estimate published.
Stafford
State incentive is the sales-tax exemption rather than a disclosed local abatement: Vantage's **$2 billion**, 82-acre, 929,000 sq ft, three-building campus creating **50 jobs** is "eligible for Data Center Sales and Use Tax exemptions on qualifying computer equipment and enabling software" — **no dollar value is published**. Statewide capacity would reach 782 MW; combined Virginia investment ~$8 billion.
Key data: $2B investment; 50 jobs; 82 acres; sales-tax exemption value n.a.
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No local abatement/PILOT or fiscal-impact study located; no foregone-revenue estimate.
Loudoun
No project-specific variance found; the systemic record is strong. Loudoun residents report an "eerie hum" that intensifies at night, with reported complaints of operational noise up to **90 decibels** — a UCLA case study likens it to a constantly running subway train — and a Vantage complex on Glenn Drive in Sterling is the specific facility residents identified to WUSA9.
Key data: Reported complaints up to 90 dB
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Read as search results, not fetched in full; the 90 dB figure is a reported complaint, not an official measurement, and is not tied to the Yondr project.
Prince William
Approved proffers include **noise limits** and the project is subject to the county's newly adopted noise ordinance, plus a PUE target and architectural review — but no decibel value, noise-study result, traffic count, or traffic mitigation figure is disclosed in the coverage of the approval.
Key data: Noise limits proffered; specific dB and traffic figures n.a.
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Full proffer text not obtained.
statewide (east of I-95)
A genuine agency cumulative assessment exists for **water**: DEQ's 117-page *Groundwater Supply East of Interstate 95* report concludes there is hardly any capacity to support additional significant withdrawals from the coastal aquifer — i.e., **no location east of I-95 can support major new groundwater withdrawals** under current permitting standards. Two senators asked the Governor on July 30 to call a special session on its findings; DEQ staff had already recommended approval of Amazon's Birchwood groundwater permit before the report's release.
Key data: 117-page DEQ report; no location east of I-95 can support major new groundwater withdrawals
CORROBORATEDLimitation: The DEQ report itself was not fetched; both sources describe it consistently.
statewide
A statutory cumulative air study is being set up: 2026 General Assembly legislation directs Virginia DEQ to conduct a **three-year study of air pollution in areas with high concentrations of data centers**, reporting findings and recommendations to lawmakers by **October 1, 2029**; a companion bill would require DEQ to evaluate "cumulative pollution impacts on environmental justice communities" and require mitigation where harms are identified. A signed bill also requires developers to disclose estimated water use (average, maximum daily, total annual) before local approval, and a separate bill would confine new data centers to industrially zoned parcels for applications after July 1, 2026.
Key data: 3-year DEQ air study, report due 2029-10-01; bills HB256, SB425, HB847, SB420, HB549, HB995, HB388, SB89
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Advocacy tracker; individual bill numbers are listed but the tracker does not map each provision to a bill number, and enactment status per bill is not fully specified. Legislative texts not fetched.
multiple
NOT_FOUND for these specific projects across dimensions 1, 2, and 3. Searches of Virginia DEQ's issued data-center air permit list, DEQ PEEP portal landing page, DEQ water-withdrawal reporting pages and dashboard, and project-name news searches returned permit identifiers (e.g., IAD-264 Article 6 mNSR permit 74349-1; IAD450 Cosner 74288-2 issued 06/01/2026; IAD-870 74329-2 issued 03/26/2026) but no EJ finding, no project-specific withdrawal volume, and no queue position.
Key data: Permit IDs only: 74349-1 (IAD-264), 74288-2 (IAD450), 74329-2 (IAD-870)
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: The DEQ permit list was read via search-result content, not a full fetch; DEQ's Water Withdrawal Dashboard and PEEP search are interactive apps that could not be queried in this session.
53 source-backed evidence rows are integrated on this page.
Loudoun County / Aldie
Industry records place the Yondr Loudoun campus on Youngwood Lane in Aldie
Key data: 24171 Youngwood Ln, Aldie, VA 20105
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Parcel ID and lat-long not published; Loudoun County parcel records were not retrieved
Loudoun County / Aldie
The project owner of record is a Yondr single-purpose entity; a directory separately lists the underlying land holder
Key data: Yondr JK 2 LLC as owner; "JK Land Holdings" listed as land owner in a separate directory
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Two directories give different owner names; no recorded deed or Virginia SCC filing was retrieved to reconcile them
Loudoun County / Aldie
Electric service is attributed to the incumbent Virginia utility
Key data: Dominion Energy
CORROBORATEDLimitation: No interconnection agreement, substation name or SCC case number published
Loudoun County / Aldie
The site sits inside the Loudoun hyperscale cluster with immediate hyperscaler neighbors
Key data: Neighboring Microsoft campus on Growth Mindset Lane and an AWS presence
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Substations, transmission lines, water/sewer mains, rail and fiber not itemized
Loudoun County
Loudoun's Department of Planning and Zoning operates a single customer service channel used for data center applications
Key data: Department of Planning and Zoning, 703-777-0246 option 5, PO Box 7000, Leesburg, VA 20177, front counter on the 2nd floor of the County Government Center
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: County-level contact rather than a project case manager; the page references an email option without publishing the address
Loudoun County / Aldie
NOT_FOUND — searched project directories and county planning pages; no water utility, water agreement or named Loudoun Economic Development contact was published for this specific project
Key data: n.a.
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Loudoun Water and Loudoun Economic Development are the presumptive bodies by jurisdiction but were not confirmed on a fetched page
Culpeper County / Culpeper
DataBank publishes the campus street address and critical load for IAD5
Key data: 14601 Germanna Hwy, Culpeper, VA 22701; 72 MW critical load
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Parcel ID and lat-long not published
Culpeper County / Culpeper
DataBank acquired the campus land directly and operates the site; the acquisition release states site size
Key data: DataBank purchased 85 acres in Culpeper; 192 MW critical IT power at full deployment
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: The land-holding legal entity name is not stated in the release
Culpeper County / Culpeper
Power comes from a dedicated on-site substation built with the incumbent utility, in a corridor DataBank describes as fiber-rich
Key data: Dominion Energy 300 MW on-site substation; existing regional fiber
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No SCC case number, transmission line, water main or rail detail stated
Culpeper County / Culpeper
DataBank publishes a single national toll-free contact line
Key data: 1 (800) 840-7533
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No site-specific community contact published
Culpeper County
Culpeper County's Department of Economic Development publishes named staff with direct phone and email, the relevant contacts for Culpeper technology zone projects
Key data: Bryan Rothamel, CEcD, Economic Development Director, (540) 229-7893, brothamel@culpepercounty.gov; Winona Pritts, Business Development Manager, (540) 423-4432, wpritts@culpepercounty.gov
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: County-level contacts, not project-assigned; technology zone incentive terms were not fetched
Culpeper County / Culpeper
NOT_FOUND — searched DataBank's IAD5 page and land-acquisition release; no water utility, source or agreement stated
Key data: n.a.
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Town of Culpeper vs. Culpeper County service responsibility unresolved from fetched pages
Prince William County
Permit record gives a Sunrise Valley Drive address with Amazon's permitting entity as holder
Key data: Amazon Data Services Inc., 820 Sunrise Valley Drive, Prince William County
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Lat-long and parcel not published on the record; aggregator pages for Virginia occasionally mislabel the state or county field
Spotsylvania County
Permit record gives full address plus coordinates for the Cosner campus
Key data: 3901 Massaponax Church Road, Spotsylvania; latitude 38.20338, longitude -77.46952
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Parcel ID not published
Spotsylvania County
The county index lists IAD-870 as an Amazon site of record in Spotsylvania County, alongside IAD450
Key data: Sites listed for Spotsylvania County: Amazon Data Services Inc. IAD450 Cosner Tech Campus and Amazon Data Services IAD-870, operator of record Amazon
CORROBORATEDLimitation: DISCREPANCY: the research brief places IAD-870 in Loudoun County; the fetched index places it in Spotsylvania. No street address, parcel or lat-long was published for IAD-870
Prince William / Spotsylvania
NOT_FOUND at the project level — the Amazon permit records fetched carry entity, address and coordinates only; no utility, water, planning contact or economic development contact fields were populated for any of the three IAD sites
Key data: n.a.
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Grouped not-found row covering all three Amazon Virginia sites; county-level Dominion service territory and PWCSA/Spotsylvania utilities are presumptive but unconfirmed for these parcels
Prince William County / Gainesville
Both the permit record and the rezoning proffers identify the site, giving address, coordinates and GPINs
Key data: 13760 University Blvd, Prince William; latitude 38.80237, longitude -77.58230; GPIN 7497-67-8141 and a portion of GPIN 7497-26-9609
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Proffer document is hosted by a third-party advocacy site rather than the county portal; content is the county case document
Prince William County / Gainesville
Proffers dedicate an on-site substation land bay to the utility and reference an approved transmission easement plus water and sewer mains
Key data: Approximately 8-acre Dominion substation in Land Bay C-2 along the I-66 frontage; SCC-approved high-voltage transmission easement; existing 18-inch water mains and a 10-inch force main
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: The SCC case number for the easement is not given in the proffers
Prince William County / Gainesville
Public water and sewer are to be provided by the county service authority
Key data: Prince William County Service Authority public water and sewer
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No gallons-per-day allocation or separate water agreement referenced
Prince William County / Gainesville
Case is in the Gainesville Magisterial District under county rezoning authority with PWCSA as the utility district
Key data: Gainesville Magisterial District; rezoning case REZ2018-00008
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: School district and overlay districts not itemized for this case
Fairfax County / Herndon
Permit record gives the McLearen Road address with coordinates and notes the permittee is a single-purpose entity with no disclosed parent
Key data: Herndon Technology Partners LLC, 13775 McLearen Road, Fairfax County; latitude 38.92718, longitude -77.42417; "Permit is held by a single-purpose entity with no publicly disclosed parent"
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Parcel ID not published
Fairfax County / Herndon
Local reporting ties the Herndon-area data center development to a Starwood affiliate and describes related building addresses and generator counts
Key data: Developer is an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group, which bought about 30 acres from Word of Grace for $25 million in June 2023; related sites at 13832 Redskin Drive and Buildings E and F at 2860 and 2850 Towerview Road; 60 MW plus 32 MW with 62 generators; air permit applicant Atlas Technical Consultants
CORROBORATEDLimitation: The reported Starwood affiliation is not documented in a deed or SCC filing retrieved this session; the relationship between 13775 McLearen Road and the Redskin/Towerview addresses is not fully resolved
Fairfax County / Herndon
NOT_FOUND — the permit record and local reporting fetched name no utility, water provider, Fairfax County case manager or economic development contact
Key data: n.a.
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Fairfax County Land Development Services / Department of Planning and Development case files were not retrieved
Caroline County / Ruther Glen
The county's approval statement identifies the site by tax map parcels, acreage and interstate access point
Key data: Approximately 650 acres at the former Virginia Bazaar site just east of the I-95 Exit 110 northbound offramp; Tax Map Parcels 53-A-57 and 53-A-64B, plus 53-A-66 and 53-A-63/64/64C; M-1 zoning
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No lat-long published in the statement
Caroline County / Ruther Glen
The contracting entity is a named wholly owned subsidiary, which resolves the shell question directly
Key data: CADC VA-1 LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CleanArc Data Centers Operating LLC
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Ultimate beneficial owners above CleanArc Data Centers Operating LLC not disclosed
Caroline County / Ruther Glen
Two utilities are involved: a cooperative agreement for the first substation and the incumbent utility's interconnection queue, with a new state large-load rate class in progress
Key data: Rappahannock Electric Cooperative agreement for the first 300 MW substation; Dominion Energy queue and batch process; Virginia SCC large-load rate class as of November 2025
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No interconnection agreement or SCC case number published for VA-1 specifically
Caroline County / Ruther Glen
The county limits its water role to non-cooling uses under the performance agreement
Key data: Caroline County water for washing and flushing only; no potable water for industrial cooling
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: The alternative cooling water source is not named in the statement
Caroline County / Ruther Glen
Approval came through the Board of Supervisors with an economic development performance agreement administered by the county EDA
Key data: Caroline County Board of Supervisors approved 5-1 on 2025-08-12; Caroline County Economic Development Authority as party
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No named EDA staff contact, phone or email published in the statement
Caroline County / Ruther Glen
Site metrics catalogue interstate access, transmission proximity and the nearest waterway
Key data: 500 kV line approximately 3.0 miles; Long Creek approximately 0.9 miles; immediately east of I-95 Exit 110
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Substation names, water/sewer trunk mains, rail and fiber not itemized
Stafford County
Permit record gives a Centreport Parkway address with coordinates; the state announcement gives campus scale
Key data: Vantage Data Centers VA41 LLC, 255 Centreport Parkway, Stafford County; latitude 38.39161, longitude -77.46783; campus VA4 with three data centers on 82 acres, about 929,000 square feet
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Parcel ID not published; the VEDP release does not confirm the street address
Stafford County
The permit holder is a numbered Vantage entity and Vantage is the announced operator of the $2 billion campus
Key data: Vantage Data Centers VA41 LLC as permittee; Vantage Data Centers as operator investing $2 billion in Stafford County
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Vantage's parent ownership (institutional investors) not stated in the release
Stafford County
The state release specifies a closed-loop chilled water design to minimize cooling water volume, without naming a utility
Key data: Closed-loop chilled water system that minimizes the need for large volumes of water for cooling; liquid-to-liquid CDU cooling for 100 percent of IT workloads
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No water utility, source or agreement named
Stafford County
The project was announced through the state economic development partnership with Stafford County as the local jurisdiction
Key data: Virginia Economic Development Partnership announcement; Stafford County, Commonwealth of Virginia; LEED Silver target; first building late 2027
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No named VEDP or Stafford County Economic Development contact with phone or email in the release
Stafford County
NOT_FOUND — neither the permit record nor the VEDP release names an electric utility, substation, interconnection case, or a Stafford County planning case manager
Key data: n.a.
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Dominion Energy is the presumptive supplier by territory; the separate Stafford Technology Campus record below does confirm Dominion for that project
Hanover County / Ashland
Permit record gives the Washington Highway address with coordinates and a project-specific permittee
Key data: CLOP Ashland VA LLC, 12174 Washington Highway, Hanover County; latitude 37.73692, longitude -77.46997
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Parent of CLOP Ashland VA LLC not disclosed; Virginia SCC entity search was not run
Hanover County / Ashland
NOT_FOUND — the only source located for this project is the permit-aggregation record, which populates entity, address and coordinates only
Key data: n.a.
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Hanover County planning case files and Virginia DEQ air permit documents were not retrieved for this site
Chesterfield County / Chester
Project record gives a Meadowville Technology Parkway address with Dominion as the utility
Key data: Chirisa Richmond LLC, 1401 Meadowville Technology Parkway, Chester, Chesterfield County; Dominion Energy Virginia
CORROBORATEDLimitation: Parcel ID and lat-long not published
Chesterfield County / Chester
The campus is a joint platform: Chirisa Technology Parks with PowerHouse Data Centers, which is a division of a named real estate parent
Key data: PowerHouse Data Centers is a division of American Real Estate Partners (AREP); Chirisa Technology Parks is a Chirisa Investments platform
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: The land-owning legal entity for the 104-acre Digital Drive site is not named
Chesterfield County / Chester
Capacity is drawn from a named substation under construction with the utility on a 104-acre parcel
Key data: 300 MW from the Meadowville substation, under construction with Dominion; 104 acres on Digital Drive
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Transmission voltage, SCC case number, rail and fiber not stated
Chesterfield County / Chester
Cooling water comes through a reclaimed water arrangement with the county
Key data: Reclaimed water system with Chesterfield County
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No agreement number, volume allocation or utility department named
Stafford County
The federal permit public notice gives the applicant's full corporate address, the campus boundaries, acreage and coordinates
Key data: SI NVA07CAMPUS, LLC, 1700 Broadway Suite 1750, Denver CO 80290; approximately 537 acres on the east line of Route 1, east and west of Eskimo Hill Road, north of Potomac Creek; latitude 38.388405, longitude -77.425135
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Parcel IDs not listed in the notice; the Denver address matches STACK Infrastructure's corporate base, and STACK confirms the project separately
Stafford County
STACK Infrastructure announced the campus with a six-substation build with the incumbent utility
Key data: 500 acres, 19 data centers, six 300 MW substations with Dominion Energy
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Acreage differs between the USACE notice (537 acres) and STACK's release (500 acres); no interconnection case number published
Stafford County
The campus is designed around reclaimed water rather than potable supply, and the developer states it removes a county capital project cost
Key data: Reclaimed "purple pipe" water; eliminates $58 million from the county capital improvement plan
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: The county utility department and any executed water agreement are not named
Stafford County
Regulatory stack spans the federal Corps permit and the state environmental review office, each with a named contact
Key data: USACE contact Silvia B. Gazzera, silvia.b.gazzera@usace.army.mil; Virginia DEQ Office of Environmental Impact Review, (804) 659-1915, bettina.rayfield@deq.virginia.gov; USACE file NAO-2022-02671
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: These are federal and state reviewers, not the Stafford County planning case manager, which was not found
Stafford County
STACK publishes a single press contact channel for the project
Key data: press@stackinfra.com, attention Sammer Khalaf
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Media contact rather than a community relations line
Prince William County
The Planning Commission agenda gives the GPIN, acreage, bounding roads and overlay context
Key data: GPIN 7596-81-5396; approximately 40.02 acres west of Prince William Parkway, south of Wellington Road, east of Hornbaker Road
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No street address or lat-long given
Prince William County
The utility's SCC filing identifies the contract purchaser of the 40-acre parcel with a corporate address
Key data: Mortenson Development, Inc., 700 Meadow Lane N., Minneapolis MN 55422, as contract purchaser of 40.0153 acres
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: The end-user data center tenant behind Mortenson is not identified in the filing
Prince William County
Dominion has an active SCC case for a transmission line loop and switching station serving this location
Key data: Virginia Electric and Power Company SCC Case PUR-2025-00046, Hornbaker 230 kV Line Loop and Hornbaker Switching Station
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Case status as of retrieval date not captured
Prince William County
The parcel carries two overlay districts, sits in a magisterial district and falls under a small area plan
Key data: Brentsville Magisterial District; Airport Safety Overlay District and Technology Overlay District; Innovation Park Small Area Plan
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: School district and service authority participation not itemized in the agenda
Prince William County
The agenda publishes the Planning Commission's public contact line and case numbers
Key data: Planning Commission (703) 792-7615, www.pwcva.gov/pc; cases REZ2025-00014 and SUP2025-00016
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: No individually named case planner or email published in the agenda
Prince William County
Electric infrastructure is being purpose-built: a 230 kV line loop and a new switching station adjacent to the site, inside Innovation Park
Key data: Hornbaker 230 kV Line Loop and Hornbaker Switching Station
VERIFIED PRIMARYLimitation: Water and sewer trunk lines, rail and fiber not identified
Prince William County
NOT_FOUND — neither the Planning Commission agenda nor the SCC filing names a water utility, water agreement or a Prince William Department of Economic Development contact
Key data: n.a.
DISCOVERY LEADLimitation: Prince William County Service Authority is the presumptive water/sewer provider, as confirmed for the separate Gainesville Crossing case
Statewide
Dominion Energy Virginia is the utility of record across the Loudoun, Culpeper, Chesterfield, Stafford, Prince William and Caroline projects profiled here, with a new large-load rate class introduced at the state commission
Key data: Virginia SCC large-load rate class as of November 2025; Rappahannock Electric Cooperative serves the Caroline County substation
CORROBORATEDLimitation: The SCC case number establishing the large-load class was not captured from a primary SCC filing this session
53 project/topic labels are retained here, including unresolved aliases that still require canonical reconciliation.
| Project or topic | Evidence state |
|---|---|
| Amazon Data Services IAD-264 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Amazon Data Services IAD-870 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Amazon Data Services IAD450 Cosner Tech Campus | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Amazon Data Services IAD450 Cosner Tech Campus; Mattameade | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Amazon Data Services Inc IAD-264 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Amazon Data Services Inc. IAD450 Cosner Tech Campus | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Amazon Data Services — Birchwood Tech Campus (VA groundwater permit) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Amazon IAD-264, IAD450, IAD-870 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| CLOP Ashland (Hanover) and Chirisa Richmond (Chesterfield) — cluster context | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| CLOP Ashland VA | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| CLOP Ashland VA LLC | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| CUMULATIVE — Spotsylvania/Stafford/Caroline/King George cluster | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| CUMULATIVE — air quality in data-center clusters | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Chirisa Richmond | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Chirisa Richmond LLC | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Clean Arc Data Centers VA-1 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Clean Arc Data Centers – VA-1 Campus | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| CleanArc Data Centers VA-1 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| CleanArc VA-1 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Culpeper economic development | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| DataBank Culpeper | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| DataBank Culpeper (Culpeper Technology Campus water system) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| DataBank Culpeper (IAD5) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| DataBank Data Center Culpeper LLC | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Gainesville Crossing Data Campus | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Gainesville Crossing Data Campus (GCDC) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Gainesville Crossing Data Campus – GCDC | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Gainesville-area campus (Yondr-linked, 196 acres) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Herndon Technology Partners | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Herndon Technology Partners LLC | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Hornbaker Rd (REZ2025-00014 / SUP2025-00016) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Hornbaker Rd (REZ2025-00014) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Hornbaker Rd rezoning | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Hornbaker Rd rezoning (REZ2025-00014 / SUP2025-00016) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Hornbaker Road rezoning: ~40.02 acres from A-1 Agricultural and PBD to M-2 Light Industrial for a mix of data center and non-data center uses, with concurrent SUP for data center use outside the Data Center Opportunity Zone Overlay | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Prince William Digital Gateway (adjacent to Gainesville Crossing cluster) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Stafford Technology Campus | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Stafford Technology Campus (SI NVA07CAMPUS / STACK) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Stafford Technology Campus (SI NVA07CAMPUS) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Stafford Technology Campus (SI NVA07Campus) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Stafford Technology Campus: 21 data center buildings, 6 substations and associated infrastructure on ~537 acres | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Stafford Technology Campus; Vantage VA41/VA4 | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Vantage Data Centers VA41 LLC | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Vantage VA41 / VA4 campus | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Virginia utility and rate context | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Yondr (Loudoun) / NoVA cluster | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Yondr (Loudoun) and NoVA cluster | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Yondr Data Center | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Yondr Data Center (Loudoun DC1) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Yondr; DataBank Culpeper; IAD-264; Gainesville Crossing; Herndon Technology Partners; CLOP Ashland; Chirisa Richmond | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| Yondr; DataBank Culpeper; IAD-264; IAD450; Gainesville Crossing; Herndon Technology Partners; CleanArc VA-1; Vantage VA41; CLOP Ashland; Chirisa Richmond; Stafford Technology Campus; Hornbaker Rd | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| statewide/systemic (SCC Case PUR-2025-00058) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
| statewide/systemic (Virginia EJScreen+) | Source-backed / reconciliation-aware |
This state page combines mapped locations with permits, planning and zoning activity, infrastructure context, operators and civic records. The deeper corpus is supplemented by 3 accepted rows from the validated national refresh. Counts describe evidence records, not unique facilities.
Where a source does not establish a location, utility, water supplier or other fact, that gap remains explicit rather than being converted into an unsupported map point or claim.